상업 소송

상업적 소송 - 상업적 소송은 계약, 파트너십, 인수합병 등 상업적 거래에서 발생하는 기업 또는 개인 간의 법적 분쟁을 포함합니다. 이러한 분쟁은 심각한 재정적 결과를 초래할 수 있으며, 기업의 운영에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.


존 왓슨 법률 그룹에서는 경험이 풍부한 상업적 소송 변호사들이 귀하의 이익을 보호하고 유리한 결과를 도출하기 위해 최선을 다하고 있습니다. 저희는 계약 위반, 사기, 지적 재산권 분쟁 등 다양한 상업적 분쟁을 처리합니다.

일반 상업 소송은 주주 간 분쟁, 신의성실 의무 위반, 비경쟁 계약과 같은 제한적 약정의 집행, 비밀 유지 계약 또는 회피 금지 계약의 집행 등을 포함한 다양한 법적 분쟁을 다룹니다.
상업 채권 추심은 기업 간의 부채 회수 절차로, 우리 법원 시스템에서 가장 일반적인 유형의 소송 중 하나입니다. 이는 대기업 간의 복잡한 분쟁일 수도 있고, 소기업 간의 분쟁일 수도 있습니다. 이 소송은 개설된 계좌, 계좌 명시, 계약 위반, 약속어음, 담보 계약 등과 관련된 소송을 포함하며, 금액은 적은 금액에서 수백만 달러에 이르기까지 다양합니다.
The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) contains much of the law in commercial transactions. Article 2 of the UCC covers Sales and the rights and remedies of buyers and sellers.  These are too diverse for this forum, but training and orientation are available, if desired.  
  • Personal guaranties. This is a good spot to point out the importance of a personal guaranty.  When dealing with a proprietorship, the owner is individually liable for the company debts, meaning all of his assets, business and personal, are available to satisfy the debts of the company.  A partnership is similar, in that not only are partnership assets exposed, but also the personal assets of the partners may be as well.  For many, one of the main reasons to incorporate a business is to shield the owners’ personal assets. Generally, only corporate assets are exposed, so long as the corporate form is not abused by its owners, such as paying personal debts out of the corporation.  From the creditor’s standpoint, this poses a potential problem.  With small corporations without substantial assets, especially start-up companies, how does a creditor protect itself?  The answer is the personal guaranty.  This is a contract whereby someone, usually the owners, but it can be any entity — guarantees or promises to pay the company’s debt if it cannot.  The larger the corporation, the more difficult it is to obtain a personal guaranty.  Obviously, the CEO of Microsoft is not going to personally guarantee the debts of Microsoft, but the risks of dealing with larger companies are more easily assessed.
  • Suit on an account. This is one of the most basic and common types of commercial litigation.  It covers everything from a suit by a small hardware store that sold nails to a cabinet maker, to a suit by a large supplier of air conditioning compressors to an automobile plant.  It is similar to a suit on a contract, except that oftentimes these transactions are based merely on telephone orders or purchase orders.  The three essential elements in a suit on account are order, delivery and non-payment.  The creditor must be able to prove all three in order to prevail.  Good record keeping is crucial.  Our courts love paper trails in any type of case.  If there is a personal guaranty, the guarantor is usually sued in the same case as the corporation, if possible.  The most common types of evidence are purchase orders, invoices, statements and demand letters.  These days, emails can establish some of the elements, if admissions are made.
  • 계좌 명시 소송
    계좌 명시 소송은 피고가 계좌를 인정한 경우에 발생하는 소송으로, 계좌 소송의 변형입니다.

  • Suit on a contract. A suit on a contract almost always involves a written contract, but it is possible to have an enforceable oral contract in certain circumstances. An old legal concept called the Statute of Frauds provides that a contract for more than $500 must be in writing to be enforced.  A common exception is where the contract was relied upon and there has been performance by one party. While a suit on a contract sounds simplistic, it encompasses much of our commercial litigation.  For example, a suit between a franchisor and its franchisee is a suit on a contract.  Similarly, so would be a suit between Bosch and Mercedes over a supply contract, or a suit between Hyundai and one of its dealerships.  The complexity and levels of proof obviously escalate with the complexity of the issues.  The evidence can be voluminous. The contract itself is obviously a necessity, but in more complex cases such things as emails, letters, notes, memoranda, and live testimony are required to prosecute and defend a case.
  • Promissory notes. These are covered under Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) on Commercial Paper.  In short, a promissory note is a written promise to pay a sum certain on a certain date.  It can be a note to pay in full on a particular date in the future, a demand note in which the holder of the note makes demand as to when it is due, or an installment note where payments are made periodically, such as the financing of a truck for a business.  In the latter, it is important to have what is called an acceleration clause, stating that a default as to any one payment entitles the holder of the note to accelerate the balance of the remaining payments.  Without such a clause, the creditor-holder is left with enforcing each month’s payment separately and only as they become due, not a desirable outcome. If properly drafted, these can be dream cases for the plaintiff and nightmares for the defendant.  The UCC provides that once signature on a note is established, the plaintiff’s case is proven and the burden shifts to the defendant to prove a defense.  Defenses to notes are limited. Another important thing to understand about promissory notes is their usefulness in resolving disputes.  For example, in many cases handled by this office a promissory note was given when the debtor fell behind on paying a commercial debt, in return for the creditor giving more time to pay before suing.  When the cases were later sued on the notes, the defendants often raised various defenses, such as the goods not being of good quality, etc.  Fortunately, the courts viewed the promissory note as having settled the account, thus waiving all of the defenses.
  • 담보 계약(Security Agreements)
    담보 계약은 상품이나 서비스를 제공하는 데 있어 투자 보호 방법으로 사용됩니다. 일반적으로 대출이나 부채를 담보하기 위해 재산이나 재고에 대한 유치권을 요구합니다. 담보 계약은 법적으로 유효하기 위해서는 반드시 완성되어야 하며, 이를 완성하지 않으면 후속 채권자가 우선권을 가질 수 있습니다.

  • Security agreements. A security agreement, like a guaranty, is a method to protect the investment of selling goods or services to someone, be it a person or corporation. In effect, it is an agreement to provide collateral for the transaction.  Banks and financial entities commonly use security agreements to secure their loans, such as a lien on an automobile or truck, or a security agreement on inventory and fixtures in a manufacturing or retail facility.  The security agreement must be perfected to be enforceable.  This means it must be recorded as provided by law, sometimes different state to state.  The purpose is to let the world know that the property in question is subject to the security agreement, so that others do not also make loans or sales relying upon the same assets.  If not properly perfected, it is possible to lose the protection to a subsequent creditor who does properly perfect its security agreement.  Secured transactions are generally governed by Article 9 of the UCC, adopted by most states, they can be very technical, and an attorney’s advice is recommended. Security agreements can be enforced upon default of the underlying obligation, often a promissory note, by foreclosure on the secured property.  This, too, can be technical.  For example, if a personal property foreclosure action is filed, and the property is recovered, how you dispose of it can be extremely important.  An improper disposition can hinder or even prevent the recovery of any deficiency left after selling off the property.
We defend businesses and individuals in commercial cases and business litigation of all types.

계약 위반 문제. 계약 위반 문제는 계약의 성격, 사실적 상황, 계약을 해석하는 관할권에 따라 단순하거나 복잡할 수 있습니다. 미국 상인들 간의 계약은 일반적으로 "통일상법전"에 포함되어 있습니다. "통일상법전"은 이미 대부분의 주에서 채택되었습니다. 예를 들어 상품 판매, 상업 청구서, 선하증권, 대량 판매 및 보증 거래에 대한 섹션이 있습니다. 대부분의 경우,"통일상법전"의 기본 조항이 작용되지 않을 수 있지만 고객은 그 복잡성에 대해 인식해야 합니다.

"통일상법전"(UCC) 및 "유엔 국제물품매매계약협약"(CISG)에 따른 권리와 변호 "통일상법전"은 이미 설명되었는데, 그렇다면 "유엔 국제물품매매계약협약"은 무엇인가요? "유엔 국제물품매매계약협약"은 국제 거래에 대한 "통일상법전" 이라고 할 수 있으며, 또는 다른 관점에서 볼 때 "통일상법전"은 미국의 "유엔 국제물품매매계약협약"입니다. "유엔국제물품매매계약협약"은 국제상거래를 위해 국제상공회의소가 유지하는 상업규범으로 "통일상법전"과는 현저한 차이가 있으므로 주의해야 합니다. 예를 들어, 국제 무대에서 사용되는 국제상공회의소의 "국제무역 용어 해설서"에는 F.O.B. 운송 용어와 유사한 몇 가지 용어가 있는데 이들은 완전히 다른 의미를 가지고 있습니다.

외국 판결의 기록, 국내화 및 집행은 국내 및 해외에서 내려진 주(state) 및 연방 법원의 판결을 다른 관할 구역에서 인정하고 집행할 수 있도록 보장하는 중요한 절차입니다. 이는 외국 판결을 해당 관할 구역에 등록하고 이를 효율적으로 집행하기 위한 법적 절차를 포함합니다. 

Should a client’s needs fall outside the scope of our firm’s areas of practice, we are committed to assisting the client in finding reputable external counsel who specialize in the relevant area of law, ensuring the client is well-supported in their legal matters.
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